AYDIN GULYAGI

How we farm

From soil to still — three generations of practice.

Roses do not become oil through machinery. They become oil through forty years of pruning, compost, irrigation, prayer over the soil, and a thirty-day harvest that decides a year. This is how we farm in Ardıçlı.

Soil first

“We don't grow roses. We grow soil — the roses follow.”

The Damask rose at Ardıçlı sits on alkaline calcareous soil at 1,050 metres. We feed it through living humus, biodynamic preparations and rotational green manure — not synthetic NPK. What you smell in the bottle is, first, what we put back into the earth.

A year on the field.

From late winter pruning to autumn compost. The roses bloom for thirty days; the work spans every other day of the year.

Feb – Mar
PruningSelection of dead wood, whip pruning to leave 5–8 buds per shoot.
March
Soil workFirst tilling — max 20 cm depth. Vetch and barley cover crop turned into the soil.
April
Foliar feedMicro-element rich liquid sprayed on leaves before bloom.
May – Jul
HarvestPicking begins at dawn. Thirty days that decide a year.
August
RestPost-harvest tilling. The plants begin their dormancy.
Sep – Oct
PreparationsCow horn manure (Prep 500) buried. Compost windrows turned. Biodynamic preparations begin their underground months.
Nov – Jan
SleepThe soil rests. Rejuvenation pruning every ten years.
01

Pruning is the year's first decision.

Pruned once per year, after winter. Soft pruning only — never severe. The cut sits one centimetre above the bud. Pruning shears are disinfected between plants.

  • SelectionRemoving dead and damaged shoots every autumn and winter. Reduces fungal pressure, improves spray penetration.
  • WhipLate February to mid-March. Leaves 5–8 buds per shoot — the foundation of the year's flower count.
  • RejuvenationEvery ten years, old plants are cut back to soil level in autumn. Roses produce well from year four to year ten, then need this complete restart.

Pruning waste is removed from the field each season — never burned. It feeds the compost pile.

02

Compost is the first material of biodynamic work.

We do not buy compost. We make it — from rose distillation leftovers, garden waste, manure from clover-grass-fed cows, hay and straw, and earth from the farm.

Our method is Controlled Quality Composting. Aerobic windrows, max 3 m wide × 1.5 m tall. Constant moisture 55–60%. Turned with adequate equipment when CO₂ rises above 12%. After six to eight weeks, the pile is fragrant, crumbly humus — alive, ready to be returned to the soil.

  • 10 t / hectareFarm-made compost applied each year.
  • Vetch & barley cover8 kg vetch + 2 kg barley per dönüm sown in autumn. Returns 500 kg of green matter and 10 kg of nitrogen per dönüm before harvest.
03

Drip, never flood.

Damask rose can grow without irrigation — but a non-irrigated field yields about 500 kg of flower per dönüm. With drip irrigation, it can reach one tonne. We only use drip.

  • Water savedDrip protects shared aquifers and drastically reduces evaporation loss.
  • Roots stay healthyTargeted moisture suppresses root disease.
  • FertigationCompost teas and foliar nutrients run through the same line.
  • Dry foliageDrip lines lie on the soil, never above the canopy. Keeping leaves dry suppresses rust (kına/kınacık) — the rose's most damaging fungal pressure.
04

Preparations as living substances.

Biodynamics is not a marketing word here. It is a practice of burying cow horns filled with manure in autumn and digging them up in spring. Of stuffing yarrow into stag bladders. Of stirring horn silica in 25 litres of water for exactly one hour before sunrise.

Preparations are stored in dark, cool jars or earthenware — they improve with age. The two spray preparations — horn manure (500) and horn silica (501) — must be stirred rhythmically for one hour, then sprayed onto moist soil before rain.

The soil that drinks them holds water and nutrients more easily, structures itself, and forms more humus.

Demeter preparations.

A complete biodynamic toolkit. Each preparation has a precise role — in the compost, in the soil, in the plant.

Compost
The first material
6–8 weeks aerobic. Rose-distillation waste, manure, hay, garden material, farm earth. Controlled quality, never traditional.
Prep 500
Cow Horn Manure
Acts on soil, root growth, microbial life, humus formation. 100 g in 25–50 L water per hectare. Sprayed twice a year on moist soil.
Prep 501
Horn Silica
Crystalline quartz, buried Mar–Sep. Promotes plant assimilation, photosynthesis and resilience. 4 g in 25–50 L water per hectare.
Prep 502
Yarrow
Filled into red-deer stag bladders, hung in sun, then buried Sep–Mar. Compost preparation — strengthens potassium and sulphur cycles.
Prep 503
Chamomile
Stuffed into 30–50 cm pieces of cow intestine, buried Sep–Mar. Brings calm and vitality to the compost — supports calcium balance.
Prep 504
Stinging Nettle
No animal sheath needed. Buried 12 months in earth. The most-used compost preparation — supports iron, magnesium, sulphur.
Prep 505
Oak Bark
Filled into a cow skull, buried where rainwater runs through plant-mud. Calcium-rich — disciplines excess fungal growth.
Prep 506
Dandelion
Wrapped in cow peritoneum, buried Sep–Mar. Supports silica and potash, helps the plant 'see' its environment.
05

Thirty days that decide a year.

Picking begins around 4:00 AM in mid-May and ends mid-July. Always by hand. Always before the sun reaches the petals. Each picker carries a calico bag; flowers are weighed at the field-edge by name and trip — the foundation of our Fair-for-Life traceability.

Children never harvest. The Çocuk Dostu Alan child-friendly space runs daily during these weeks — ten metres from the field, run by a social service specialist.

One picker, on a strong day, brings in 25 kg. A field of ten people delivers 250 kg before noon. The flowers ride to the still within four hours of being cut.

The shape of a season.

Numbers we measure each year, and the targets that anchor them.

1,050 m
Field elevation, Ardıçlı
4–6 yrs
To economic maturity for one Damask rose plant
10 t/ha
Compost applied each year
30 days
Length of the entire harvest
Come see

The field is open to those who want to learn.

We host researchers, students and partners in Ardıçlı — during harvest and outside it. If you grow roses elsewhere, write us. We share what we know.

This page reflects the practices documented in our internal handbook AG-T-EK-01 Üretici El Kitabı and our biodynamic preparation manual Demeter Production. Both are reviewed annually under our Fair for Life and UEBT compliance.