Rose Oil
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Rose Oil Distillation
There are several methods of obtaining aromatic substances from rose petals. Distillation is the most widely used and the most economical method of extracting rose essential oils. In distillation, therose flowers is heated in stills, either by placing it in water which is brought to the boil or by passings team through it. The heat and steam cause the cell structure of the plant material to burst and breakdown, thus freeing the essential oils. The essential oil molocules and steam are carried along a pipe and chanelled through a cooling tank (condencer), where they return to the liquid form (extract) and are collected in a special tank (Florentine). The emerging liquid is a mixture of oil and water, and since essential oils are not water soluble they can be easily seperated from the water and and siphoned off.Essential oils which are lighter than water will float on the surface in the florentine flask.The rose petals collected from gardens and packed tightly in sacks are laid out on the floor of the factory in order to allow slight decomposition, which aids in the development and improvement aromatic quality of the essential oil. The rose petals are loaded into the stills. 3000 liter stills made copper and steam jacketed are used for distillation. Coils inside the bottom of the still carry the steam which heats thewater in the still. Distillation is generally done in copper stills, which had a capacity of 500 kg flowersand 1500 liter warm water. The distillation in the stills is carried out for 1.5 hours. During the hydrodistillation of rose flowers, essential oils are liberated from the structures where they are stored inthe petals by diffusion. While distilling, the condenser temperature is held at 35-45°C to preventdeposition of the waxes in the condenser, and at a specific gravity of about 0.85 the oil constituents sit onthe water surface. Unfortunately, however, owing to the loss of phenyl-ethyl alcohol, a large proportion ofwhich remains dissolved in the distillation water, the otto does not accurately represent the flower odour.The distillate is collected in 200 liter florentine flasks of the copper stills. The oil that seperates out in theflorentine flasks is called decanted oil, first oil or direct oil. The bottom water and decanted oil in theflorentine flasks are then pumped into the stainless steel tanks to get the redistilled oil called water oil,second oil or indirect oil. Later, the first and second rose oils are blended to get the final product sold inthe markets. The compositions of the first and second oils are fairly different. The contents of monoterpenealcohols such as citronellol, gerniol, nerol and linalool are higher in the second oil according to the first oil.Due to the quality differences, first and second oils must be blended in a certain ratio after GC analyses to obtain the final incredible and precious rose oil – rose otto.The distillate after removal of the oil is also sold as rose water. Consequetly, rose water is a by-product obtained during the hydro-distillation of rose flowers to produce rose oil. Rose water contains very little rose oil. The main essential oil compounds of rose water is phenyl-ethyl alcohol.
The rose petals generally contain very little essantial oil in comparation with other essantial oilplants. Generally, 1 kg rose oil can be obtained from 3000-4000 kg of rose petals. So, the rose oil yield is about 0.03-0.04%.
For this reason, rose oil is one of the most expensive essential oil sold in the world markets, partly due to lack of natural and synthetic substitutes. Solvent extraction yields about 10 times that obtained by water distillation,1 kg rose concrete can be obtained from 375-400 kg rose petals.
Rose oil is a very complicated mixture ofmore than 100 different components. Monoterpene alcohols such as linalool, citronellol, nerol andgeraniol, hydrocarbons such as nonadecane, 1-nonadecene, heneicosane, heptadecane, tricosane andoctadecene, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons such as α-guaiene, humulene, λ-muurolene and δ-guaiene,oxides and ethers such as methyl eugenol, esters and aldehydes such as geranyl acetate and geranial,phenols such as eugenol are among of the most important rosaceous characters found in the Turkish roseoil. The rose oil is mainly characterized by having high percentage of the monoterpene alcoholsincluding citronellol, geraniol, nerol, linalool and phenyl-ethyl alcohol. Phenyl-ethyl alcohol is a major oilcomponent, but because of its solubility in water it is usually lost in the distillation waters unless collectedas rose water. Many other components in rose oil are present only in trace amounts but are also veryimportant for the overall quality. These components contribute mainly to the perfumery value of rose oil.Low contens of the hydrocarbones which cause the solidification when the oil is chilled and high contentsof monoterpene alchols which cause rosaceous and freshness character are desired to get high rose oilquality. The oils from late distillations and late pickings give more percentages of the monoterpene alcholcompenents and less percentages of the steoroptene hydrocarbones. Citronellol is the major component which determines the rose oil quality. As the sumpercentages of citronellol, nerol, and geraniol which are the basic alcholic components of the rose oilchange from 45 to 72%. Citronellol/geraniol (C/G) ratios, which are used for evaluating of the quality ofthe rose oil, change between 1.10 and 3.91 (Lawrance 1991). Methyl eugenol is not desired above aparticular concentrations in rose oil due to the its possible negative side and allergic effects on humanhealt. Methyl eugenol levels may be over 2.5%, especially in the oils distilled from excess or long-termfermented flowers.In the recent years, ‘Super Critical Carbon Dioxide Extraction’ has been introduced for theperfume industry. Oils which are extracted utilising carbon dioxide are supposed to be superior, pure andvery close to the natural essential oil as it exists in the plant – and they are completely free of residues ofcarbon dioxide. But, this new method is under discussion in the rose oil production. Perhaps,‘Hydrodiffusion/Percolation’ will be the most modern method of rose extraction. This procces is fasterthen distillation, and the equipment is much more simple then taht used for carbon dioxide extraction.Steam spray is passed through the plant material (which is suspended on a grind) from above. Theemerging liquid composed of oil and condensed steam is then cooled. The result is a mixture of essentialoil and waste (as in the distillation process) which can be easily seperated.
Story of the Rose And Rose Oil
We are using latest developments in our formulations of parfume, but sometimes you can’t beat the classic. Roses not only look and smell beautiful; their oils also have numerous benefits to your skin and mental wellbeing. And becouse of we are producing from the buttom to the top, we are also surprising every time how does the scent were changed even the slightest producing method, farm, soil, harvesting day etc.
For centuries roses have been valued for their pure essential oils derived from the rose petal. It takes tens of thousands of blossoms to yield 30ml of essential oil making rose one of the most expensive oils available. Rose essential oil contains a complex array of vitamins, minerals and antioxidants with soothing and moisturising properties.
A recent study has also shown the aromatherapeutic properties of rose oil can calm and sooth the senses helping to alleviate anxiety and depression. The warming signature scent of rose promotes relaxation and positivity making it the ultimate bathtime companion.
We love the multiple benefits of roses.
But where that this passion start? If we go deep we have to go back almost 40 million of years. Becouse Rose family is very wide. Lets shorten that shall we?
In Greek and Roman culture, roses were revered as symbols of love and beauty. Roses stood as a symbol for the Greek goddess Aphrodite and her Roman equivalent, Venus. In Greek mythology, rose bushes were said to bloom from the ground through the tears and blood of Aphrodite and her lover, Adonis. But aside from mythology, there may have been more reasons why roses became an emblem of divine beauty and love. The Romans actually had writings about the healing wonders of natural rose water. Get this, they used rose water as a treatment for over 30 ailments! A Roman naturalist and historian Pliny the Elder described rose as an astringent and wrote that the petals, flowers, and heads of roses have medicinal properties in them.
There was also the Greek physician Dioscorides who used a pomade made by steeping rose petals in oil. Dioscorides wrote about the cooling and astringent properties of roses as well. In some of his writings, he claimed that rose tonic cooked in wine can be used as a treatment for headaches and diseases of the eyes, ears, mouth, and womb.In cosmetics, roses were a definite favorite. Rose petals, water, and rose extracts were applied as beauty masks, eyeshadow, and rouge. Pliny the Elder also wrote in his Naturalis Historia that powdered rose petals can be used as a deodorant or perfume and burnt rose petals can be used to give a darker tint to eyebrows -eyebrows on fleek!So the Romans and Greeks knew all along! No wonder Egypt’s beautiful and famous queen, Cleopatra, became a fan of rose water herself. The Egyptian beauty was said to have rose water baths regularly and she washes her face and body with the magical liquid. Shakespeare has written about the queen’s beauty ritual in ‘Antony and Cleopatra’ and he even mentioned that Cleopatra’s cedarwood ships bore the scent of rose water. The queen was clearly impressed with the powers of rose water.
An Ancient Egyptian remedy also involves boiling down rose petals to turn them into cosmetic and healing balms. Rose scented oils were used as cleansers that double as protection against dry desert winds too.
A 10th Century Persian alchemist named Avicenna is said to have been the man behind the refined rose water closest to what is used today. During the same century, a new way of distilling rose petals was also developed in Persia. The process made use of two thousand roses to come up with a single gram of the beloved rose oil or rose absolut. Because of the extremely expensive and taxing process of manufacturing rose oil, the product remained an exclusive commodity reserved for the elites.
Rose balms and rose oil became such a profitable trade across empires and by the Middle Ages, the use of rose water continued to spread. It was then used as a handwash before meals and physicians prescribed it for varied ailments and as a supplement to their wealthy patrons.
The physicians claimed that the tonic made from roses could strengthen the organs and protect the heart.The medicinal and beautifying wonders of rose inevitably caught Europe’s attention. Soon enough, rose water ointments, cold creams, toners, and facial cleansers became popular in medieval Europe. Because of rose water’s anti-inflammatory properties, people have started using them as treatments for skin disorders such as eczema and rosacea too.During this time, pale, light skin was in fashion in Europe.
Rose water became a great addition to the white powder they applied as makeup. The medieval version of foundation! Also, since porcelain skin was in, rose oil became more popular as it was believed to be an effective scar remover.Europe’s finest nobilities were very much into rose products that it became a huge moneymaker.
Towards the 1800s, roses were added to all sorts of skincare and cosmetics. From rose lotions, soaps, toners, to face creams, rose products were everywhere!
All thanks to the 10th century-developed extraction process for rose oil, we can still get the benefits of the wonder oil. Although it’s still very much an expensive product since the process hasn’t changed much. For the practical rose fans, though, there is still the ever-reliable rose water! To this day, it continues to be a safe and super effective hydrating toner for all skin types. It helps get you a clearer and brighter complexion and it also balances the skin’s natural oil production.Rose water can also help soothe skin irritation, puffiness, and redness because of its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. There’s a reason why it was revered for its healing properties in the ancient times. If you have skin sensitivity, eczema, and rosacea, rose water can be your best friend!
For cuts, burns, and potential scarring, rose products can also be a helping hand for faster healing and scar prevention.You know our skin loves antioxidants, right? Well, both rose water and rose oil have those too! Antioxidants help protect our cells and ultimately help prevent premature skin aging and wrinkles.
Maybe roses were really blessed by God –the beautiful flower that has been our skin’s most favorite for thousands of years now!
If you’re looking to get your skin some rose product, check of our fully natural limited list of product! Hurry!